This documentation is automatically generated by competitive-verifier/competitive-verifier
#include "../../../template/template.hpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/lca"
#include "../../../graph/tree/LowestCommonAncestor.hpp"
int main() {
cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0);
int n, q;
in(n, q);
TreeQuery t(n);
rep(i, 1, n) {
int p;
in(p);
t.add_edge(i, p);
}
rep(i, q) {
int u, v;
in(u, v);
out(t.lca(u, v));
}
}#line 2 "template/template.hpp"
#pragma region Macros
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <tr2/dynamic_bitset>
using namespace std;
using namespace tr2;
using lint = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using ld = long double;
using int128 = __int128_t;
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define uniqv(v) v.erase(unique(all(v)), v.end())
#define OVERLOAD_REP(_1, _2, _3, name, ...) name
#define REP1(i, n) for (auto i = std::decay_t<decltype(n)>{}; (i) != (n); ++(i))
#define REP2(i, l, r) for (auto i = (l); (i) != (r); ++(i))
#define rep(...) OVERLOAD_REP(__VA_ARGS__, REP2, REP1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define logfixed(x) cout << fixed << setprecision(10) << x << endl;
ostream &operator<<(ostream &dest, __int128_t value) {
ostream::sentry s(dest);
if (s) {
__uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[128];
char *d = end(buffer);
do {
--d;
*d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10];
tmp /= 10;
} while (tmp != 0);
if (value < 0) {
--d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = end(buffer) - d;
if (dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) {
dest.setstate(ios_base::badbit);
}
}
return dest;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) {
for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) {
os << v[i] << (i + 1 != (int)v.size() ? " " : "");
}
return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const set<T> &set_var) {
for (auto itr = set_var.begin(); itr != set_var.end(); itr++) {
os << *itr;
++itr;
if (itr != set_var.end()) os << " ";
itr--;
}
return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_set<T> &set_var) {
for (auto itr = set_var.begin(); itr != set_var.end(); itr++) {
os << *itr;
++itr;
if (itr != set_var.end()) os << " ";
itr--;
}
return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const map<T, U> &map_var) {
for (auto itr = map_var.begin(); itr != map_var.end(); itr++) {
os << itr->first << " -> " << itr->second << "\n";
}
return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_map<T, U> &map_var) {
for (auto itr = map_var.begin(); itr != map_var.end(); itr++) {
os << itr->first << " -> " << itr->second << "\n";
}
return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &pair_var) {
os << pair_var.first << " " << pair_var.second;
return os;
}
void out() { cout << '\n'; }
template <class T, class... Ts>
void out(const T &a, const Ts &...b) {
cout << a;
(cout << ... << (cout << ' ', b));
cout << '\n';
}
void outf() { cout << '\n'; }
template <class T, class... Ts>
void outf(const T &a, const Ts &...b) {
cout << fixed << setprecision(14) << a;
(cout << ... << (cout << ' ', b));
cout << '\n';
}
template <typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) {
for (T &in : v) is >> in;
return is;
}
inline void in(void) { return; }
template <typename First, typename... Rest>
void in(First &first, Rest &...rest) {
cin >> first;
in(rest...);
return;
}
template <typename T>
bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) {
if (a < b) {
a = b;
return true;
}
return false;
}
template <typename T>
bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) {
if (a > b) {
a = b;
return true;
}
return false;
}
vector<lint> dx8 = {1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1};
vector<lint> dy8 = {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1};
vector<lint> dx4 = {1, 0, -1, 0};
vector<lint> dy4 = {0, 1, 0, -1};
#pragma endregion
#line 2 "verify/LibraryChecker/tree/LowestCommonAncestor2.test.cpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/lca"
#line 2 "data-structure/segment-tree/SegmentTree.hpp"
template <class S, auto op, auto e>
struct segtree {
private:
unsigned int seg_bit_ceil(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int x = 1;
while (x < (unsigned int)(n)) x *= 2;
return x;
}
public:
static_assert(std::is_convertible_v<decltype(op), std::function<S(S, S)>>,
"op must work as S(S, S)");
static_assert(std::is_convertible_v<decltype(e), std::function<S()>>,
"e must work as S()");
segtree() : segtree(0) {}
explicit segtree(int n) : segtree(std::vector<S>(n, e())) {}
explicit segtree(const std::vector<S>& v) : _n(int(v.size())) {
size = (int)seg_bit_ceil((unsigned int)(_n));
log = __builtin_ctz((unsigned int)size);
d = std::vector<S>(2 * size, e());
for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) d[size + i] = v[i];
for (int i = size - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
update(i);
}
}
void set(int p, S x) {
assert(0 <= p && p < _n);
p += size;
d[p] = x;
for (int i = 1; i <= log; i++) update(p >> i);
}
S get(int p) const {
assert(0 <= p && p < _n);
return d[p + size];
}
S prod(int l, int r) const {
assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= _n);
S sml = e(), smr = e();
l += size;
r += size;
while (l < r) {
if (l & 1) sml = op(sml, d[l++]);
if (r & 1) smr = op(d[--r], smr);
l >>= 1;
r >>= 1;
}
return op(sml, smr);
}
S all_prod() const { return d[1]; }
template <bool (*f)(S)>
int max_right(int l) const {
return max_right(l, [](S x) { return f(x); });
}
template <class F>
int max_right(int l, F f) const {
assert(0 <= l && l <= _n);
assert(f(e()));
if (l == _n) return _n;
l += size;
S sm = e();
do {
while (l % 2 == 0) l >>= 1;
if (!f(op(sm, d[l]))) {
while (l < size) {
l = (2 * l);
if (f(op(sm, d[l]))) {
sm = op(sm, d[l]);
l++;
}
}
return l - size;
}
sm = op(sm, d[l]);
l++;
} while ((l & -l) != l);
return _n;
}
template <bool (*f)(S)>
int min_left(int r) const {
return min_left(r, [](S x) { return f(x); });
}
template <class F>
int min_left(int r, F f) const {
assert(0 <= r && r <= _n);
assert(f(e()));
if (r == 0) return 0;
r += size;
S sm = e();
do {
r--;
while (r > 1 && (r % 2)) r >>= 1;
if (!f(op(d[r], sm))) {
while (r < size) {
r = (2 * r + 1);
if (f(op(d[r], sm))) {
sm = op(d[r], sm);
r--;
}
}
return r + 1 - size;
}
sm = op(d[r], sm);
} while ((r & -r) != r);
return 0;
}
private:
int _n, size, log;
std::vector<S> d;
void update(int k) { d[k] = op(d[2 * k], d[2 * k + 1]); }
};
#line 2 "graph/tree/LowestCommonAncestor.hpp"
class TreeQuery {
private:
struct S {
int val, id;
};
static S op(S a, S b) {
if (a.val < b.val) {
return a;
}
return b;
}
static S e() {
return {100000000, -1};
}
vector<vector<int>> g;
int n, root;
int cnt = 0;
vector<int> st, dep;
segtree<S, op, e> rmq;
void build() {
int time = 0;
vector<S> v;
auto dfs = [&](auto& self, int cur, int prev, int d) -> void {
st[cur] = time++;
dep[cur] = d;
v.emplace_back(d, cur);
for (auto nex : g[cur]) {
if (nex == prev) continue;
self(self, nex, cur, d + 1);
v.emplace_back(d, cur);
time++;
}
};
dfs(dfs, root, -1, 0);
rmq = segtree<S, op, e>(v);
}
public:
TreeQuery(int n, int root = 0) : n(n), root(root) {
g.resize(n);
st.resize(n);
dep.resize(n);
}
void add_edge(int u, int v) {
assert(cnt < n - 1);
g[u].emplace_back(v);
g[v].emplace_back(u);
if (++cnt == n - 1) build();
}
int lca(int u, int v) {
int l = st[u];
int r = st[v];
if (l > r) swap(l, r);
return rmq.prod(l, r + 1).id;
}
int dist(int u, int v) {
return dep[u] + dep[v] - 2 * dep[lca(u, v)];
}
bool contains(int u, int v, int x) {
return dist(u, x) + dist(x, v) == dist(u, v);
}
};
#line 4 "verify/LibraryChecker/tree/LowestCommonAncestor2.test.cpp"
int main() {
cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0);
int n, q;
in(n, q);
TreeQuery t(n);
rep(i, 1, n) {
int p;
in(p);
t.add_edge(i, p);
}
rep(i, q) {
int u, v;
in(u, v);
out(t.lca(u, v));
}
}