lmori's Library
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verify/LibraryChecker/math/enumerative-combinatorics/StirlingNumberoftheSecondKind.test.cpp
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- Last update: 2026-03-31 05:32:13+09:00
- Problem: https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/stirling_number_of_the_second_kind
Depends on
- atcoder/convolution.hpp
- atcoder/internal_bit.hpp
- atcoder/internal_math.hpp
- atcoder/internal_type_traits.hpp
- atcoder/modint.hpp
- atcoder/modint.hpp
- Stirling Number of the Second Kind
(math/enumerative-combinatorics/StirlingNumberoftheSecondKind.hpp)
- Formal Power Series
(math/fps/FormalPowerSeries.hpp)
- Template
(template/template.hpp)
Code
#include "../../../../template/template.hpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/stirling_number_of_the_second_kind"
#include "../../../../atcoder/convolution.hpp"
#include "../../../../atcoder/modint.hpp"
using namespace atcoder;
using mint = modint998244353;
#include "../../../../math/enumerative-combinatorics/StirlingNumberoftheSecondKind.hpp"
int main() {
cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0);
int n;
in(n);
FPS<mint> res = Stirling_number_2nd<mint>(n);
rep(i, n + 1) {
cout << res[i].val();
if (i != n) cout << " ";
}
out();
}#line 2 "template/template.hpp"
#pragma region Macros
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <tr2/dynamic_bitset>
using namespace std;
using namespace tr2;
using lint = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using ld = long double;
using int128 = __int128_t;
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define uniqv(v) v.erase(unique(all(v)), v.end())
#define OVERLOAD_REP(_1, _2, _3, name, ...) name
#define REP1(i, n) for (auto i = std::decay_t<decltype(n)>{}; (i) != (n); ++(i))
#define REP2(i, l, r) for (auto i = (l); (i) != (r); ++(i))
#define rep(...) OVERLOAD_REP(__VA_ARGS__, REP2, REP1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define logfixed(x) cout << fixed << setprecision(10) << x << endl;
ostream &operator<<(ostream &dest, __int128_t value) {
ostream::sentry s(dest);
if (s) {
__uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[128];
char *d = end(buffer);
do {
--d;
*d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10];
tmp /= 10;
} while (tmp != 0);
if (value < 0) {
--d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = end(buffer) - d;
if (dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) {
dest.setstate(ios_base::badbit);
}
}
return dest;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) {
for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) {
os << v[i] << (i + 1 != (int)v.size() ? " " : "");
}
return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const set<T> &set_var) {
for (auto itr = set_var.begin(); itr != set_var.end(); itr++) {
os << *itr;
++itr;
if (itr != set_var.end()) os << " ";
itr--;
}
return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_set<T> &set_var) {
for (auto itr = set_var.begin(); itr != set_var.end(); itr++) {
os << *itr;
++itr;
if (itr != set_var.end()) os << " ";
itr--;
}
return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const map<T, U> &map_var) {
for (auto itr = map_var.begin(); itr != map_var.end(); itr++) {
os << itr->first << " -> " << itr->second << "\n";
}
return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_map<T, U> &map_var) {
for (auto itr = map_var.begin(); itr != map_var.end(); itr++) {
os << itr->first << " -> " << itr->second << "\n";
}
return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &pair_var) {
os << pair_var.first << " " << pair_var.second;
return os;
}
void out() { cout << '\n'; }
template <class T, class... Ts>
void out(const T &a, const Ts &...b) {
cout << a;
(cout << ... << (cout << ' ', b));
cout << '\n';
}
void outf() { cout << '\n'; }
template <class T, class... Ts>
void outf(const T &a, const Ts &...b) {
cout << fixed << setprecision(14) << a;
(cout << ... << (cout << ' ', b));
cout << '\n';
}
template <typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) {
for (T &in : v) is >> in;
return is;
}
inline void in(void) { return; }
template <typename First, typename... Rest>
void in(First &first, Rest &...rest) {
cin >> first;
in(rest...);
return;
}
template <typename T>
bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) {
if (a < b) {
a = b;
return true;
}
return false;
}
template <typename T>
bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) {
if (a > b) {
a = b;
return true;
}
return false;
}
vector<lint> dx8 = {1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1};
vector<lint> dy8 = {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1};
vector<lint> dx4 = {1, 0, -1, 0};
vector<lint> dy4 = {0, 1, 0, -1};
#pragma endregion
#line 2 "verify/LibraryChecker/math/enumerative-combinatorics/StirlingNumberoftheSecondKind.test.cpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/stirling_number_of_the_second_kind"
#line 1 "atcoder/convolution.hpp"
#line 7 "atcoder/convolution.hpp"
#include <type_traits>
#line 9 "atcoder/convolution.hpp"
#line 1 "atcoder/internal_bit.hpp"
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
#include <bit>
#endif
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
using std::bit_ceil;
#else
// @return same with std::bit::bit_ceil
unsigned int bit_ceil(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int x = 1;
while (x < (unsigned int)(n)) x *= 2;
return x;
}
#endif
// @param n `1 <= n`
// @return same with std::bit::countr_zero
int countr_zero(unsigned int n) {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
unsigned long index;
_BitScanForward(&index, n);
return index;
#else
return __builtin_ctz(n);
#endif
}
// @param n `1 <= n`
// @return same with std::bit::countr_zero
constexpr int countr_zero_constexpr(unsigned int n) {
int x = 0;
while (!(n & (1 << x))) x++;
return x;
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#line 1 "atcoder/modint.hpp"
#line 7 "atcoder/modint.hpp"
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
#line 1 "atcoder/internal_math.hpp"
#line 5 "atcoder/internal_math.hpp"
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
// @param m `1 <= m`
// @return x mod m
constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) {
x %= m;
if (x < 0) x += m;
return x;
}
// Fast modular multiplication by barrett reduction
// Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett_reduction
// NOTE: reconsider after Ice Lake
struct barrett {
unsigned int _m;
unsigned long long im;
// @param m `1 <= m`
explicit barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1) {}
// @return m
unsigned int umod() const { return _m; }
// @param a `0 <= a < m`
// @param b `0 <= b < m`
// @return `a * b % m`
unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b) const {
// [1] m = 1
// a = b = im = 0, so okay
// [2] m >= 2
// im = ceil(2^64 / m)
// -> im * m = 2^64 + r (0 <= r < m)
// let z = a*b = c*m + d (0 <= c, d < m)
// a*b * im = (c*m + d) * im = c*(im*m) + d*im = c*2^64 + c*r + d*im
// c*r + d*im < m * m + m * im < m * m + 2^64 + m <= 2^64 + m * (m + 1) < 2^64 * 2
// ((ab * im) >> 64) == c or c + 1
unsigned long long z = a;
z *= b;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
unsigned long long x;
_umul128(z, im, &x);
#else
unsigned long long x =
(unsigned long long)(((unsigned __int128)(z)*im) >> 64);
#endif
unsigned long long y = x * _m;
return (unsigned int)(z - y + (z < y ? _m : 0));
}
};
// @param n `0 <= n`
// @param m `1 <= m`
// @return `(x ** n) % m`
constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m) {
if (m == 1) return 0;
unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m);
unsigned long long r = 1;
unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m);
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m;
y = (y * y) % _m;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
// Reference:
// M. Forisek and J. Jancina,
// Fast Primality Testing for Integers That Fit into a Machine Word
// @param n `0 <= n`
constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return false;
if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true;
if (n % 2 == 0) return false;
long long d = n - 1;
while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2;
constexpr long long bases[3] = {2, 7, 61};
for (long long a : bases) {
long long t = d;
long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n);
while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) {
y = y * y % n;
t <<= 1;
}
if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
template <int n> constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n);
// @param b `1 <= b`
// @return pair(g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), xa = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b/g
constexpr std::pair<long long, long long> inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) {
a = safe_mod(a, b);
if (a == 0) return {b, 0};
// Contracts:
// [1] s - m0 * a = 0 (mod b)
// [2] t - m1 * a = 0 (mod b)
// [3] s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b
long long s = b, t = a;
long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1;
while (t) {
long long u = s / t;
s -= t * u;
m0 -= m1 * u; // |m1 * u| <= |m1| * s <= b
// [3]:
// (s - t * u) * |m1| + t * |m0 - m1 * u|
// <= s * |m1| - t * u * |m1| + t * (|m0| + |m1| * u)
// = s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b
auto tmp = s;
s = t;
t = tmp;
tmp = m0;
m0 = m1;
m1 = tmp;
}
// by [3]: |m0| <= b/g
// by g != b: |m0| < b/g
if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s;
return {s, m0};
}
// Compile time primitive root
// @param m must be prime
// @return primitive root (and minimum in now)
constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) {
if (m == 2) return 1;
if (m == 167772161) return 3;
if (m == 469762049) return 3;
if (m == 754974721) return 11;
if (m == 998244353) return 3;
int divs[20] = {};
divs[0] = 2;
int cnt = 1;
int x = (m - 1) / 2;
while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2;
for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) {
if (x % i == 0) {
divs[cnt++] = i;
while (x % i == 0) {
x /= i;
}
}
}
if (x > 1) {
divs[cnt++] = x;
}
for (int g = 2;; g++) {
bool ok = true;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) {
ok = false;
break;
}
}
if (ok) return g;
}
}
template <int m> constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m);
// @param n `n < 2^32`
// @param m `1 <= m < 2^32`
// @return sum_{i=0}^{n-1} floor((ai + b) / m) (mod 2^64)
unsigned long long floor_sum_unsigned(unsigned long long n,
unsigned long long m,
unsigned long long a,
unsigned long long b) {
unsigned long long ans = 0;
while (true) {
if (a >= m) {
ans += n * (n - 1) / 2 * (a / m);
a %= m;
}
if (b >= m) {
ans += n * (b / m);
b %= m;
}
unsigned long long y_max = a * n + b;
if (y_max < m) break;
// y_max < m * (n + 1)
// floor(y_max / m) <= n
n = (unsigned long long)(y_max / m);
b = (unsigned long long)(y_max % m);
std::swap(m, a);
}
return ans;
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#line 1 "atcoder/internal_type_traits.hpp"
#line 7 "atcoder/internal_type_traits.hpp"
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
#ifndef _MSC_VER
template <class T>
using is_signed_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value ||
std::is_same<T, __int128>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __uint128_t>::value ||
std::is_same<T, unsigned __int128>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using make_unsigned_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value,
__uint128_t,
unsigned __int128>;
template <class T>
using is_integral = typename std::conditional<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
is_signed_int128<T>::value ||
is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_signed<T>::value) ||
is_signed_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_unsigned<T>::value) ||
is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<
is_signed_int128<T>::value,
make_unsigned_int128<T>,
typename std::conditional<std::is_signed<T>::value,
std::make_unsigned<T>,
std::common_type<T>>::type>::type;
#else
template <class T> using is_integral = typename std::is_integral<T>;
template <class T>
using is_signed_int =
typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value && std::is_signed<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<is_signed_int<T>::value,
std::make_unsigned<T>,
std::common_type<T>>::type;
#endif
template <class T>
using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_signed_int<T>::value>;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_unsigned_int<T>::value>;
template <class T> using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned<T>::type;
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#line 14 "atcoder/modint.hpp"
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
struct modint_base {};
struct static_modint_base : modint_base {};
template <class T> using is_modint = std::is_base_of<modint_base, T>;
template <class T> using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_modint<T>::value>;
} // namespace internal
template <int m, std::enable_if_t<(1 <= m)>* = nullptr>
struct static_modint : internal::static_modint_base {
using mint = static_modint;
public:
static constexpr int mod() { return m; }
static mint raw(int v) {
mint x;
x._v = v;
return x;
}
static_modint() : _v(0) {}
template <class T, internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
static_modint(T v) {
long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod()));
if (x < 0) x += umod();
_v = (unsigned int)(x);
}
template <class T, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
static_modint(T v) {
_v = (unsigned int)(v % umod());
}
unsigned int val() const { return _v; }
mint& operator++() {
_v++;
if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
return *this;
}
mint& operator--() {
if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
_v--;
return *this;
}
mint operator++(int) {
mint result = *this;
++*this;
return result;
}
mint operator--(int) {
mint result = *this;
--*this;
return result;
}
mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
_v -= rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
unsigned long long z = _v;
z *= rhs._v;
_v = (unsigned int)(z % umod());
return *this;
}
mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); }
mint operator+() const { return *this; }
mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; }
mint pow(long long n) const {
assert(0 <= n);
mint x = *this, r = 1;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r *= x;
x *= x;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
mint inv() const {
if (prime) {
assert(_v);
return pow(umod() - 2);
} else {
auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, m);
assert(eg.first == 1);
return eg.second;
}
}
friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) += rhs;
}
friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
}
friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
}
friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
}
friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v == rhs._v;
}
friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v != rhs._v;
}
private:
unsigned int _v;
static constexpr unsigned int umod() { return m; }
static constexpr bool prime = internal::is_prime<m>;
};
template <int id> struct dynamic_modint : internal::modint_base {
using mint = dynamic_modint;
public:
static int mod() { return (int)(bt.umod()); }
static void set_mod(int m) {
assert(1 <= m);
bt = internal::barrett(m);
}
static mint raw(int v) {
mint x;
x._v = v;
return x;
}
dynamic_modint() : _v(0) {}
template <class T, internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
dynamic_modint(T v) {
long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(mod()));
if (x < 0) x += mod();
_v = (unsigned int)(x);
}
template <class T, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
dynamic_modint(T v) {
_v = (unsigned int)(v % mod());
}
unsigned int val() const { return _v; }
mint& operator++() {
_v++;
if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
return *this;
}
mint& operator--() {
if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
_v--;
return *this;
}
mint operator++(int) {
mint result = *this;
++*this;
return result;
}
mint operator--(int) {
mint result = *this;
--*this;
return result;
}
mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += mod() - rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
_v = bt.mul(_v, rhs._v);
return *this;
}
mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); }
mint operator+() const { return *this; }
mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; }
mint pow(long long n) const {
assert(0 <= n);
mint x = *this, r = 1;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r *= x;
x *= x;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
mint inv() const {
auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, mod());
assert(eg.first == 1);
return eg.second;
}
friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) += rhs;
}
friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
}
friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
}
friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
}
friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v == rhs._v;
}
friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v != rhs._v;
}
private:
unsigned int _v;
static internal::barrett bt;
static unsigned int umod() { return bt.umod(); }
};
template <int id> internal::barrett dynamic_modint<id>::bt(998244353);
using modint998244353 = static_modint<998244353>;
using modint1000000007 = static_modint<1000000007>;
using modint = dynamic_modint<-1>;
namespace internal {
template <class T>
using is_static_modint = std::is_base_of<internal::static_modint_base, T>;
template <class T>
using is_static_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_static_modint<T>::value>;
template <class> struct is_dynamic_modint : public std::false_type {};
template <int id>
struct is_dynamic_modint<dynamic_modint<id>> : public std::true_type {};
template <class T>
using is_dynamic_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_dynamic_modint<T>::value>;
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#line 12 "atcoder/convolution.hpp"
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
template <class mint,
int g = internal::primitive_root<mint::mod()>,
internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
struct fft_info {
static constexpr int rank2 = countr_zero_constexpr(mint::mod() - 1);
std::array<mint, rank2 + 1> root; // root[i]^(2^i) == 1
std::array<mint, rank2 + 1> iroot; // root[i] * iroot[i] == 1
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2 - 2 + 1)> rate2;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2 - 2 + 1)> irate2;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2 - 3 + 1)> rate3;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2 - 3 + 1)> irate3;
fft_info() {
root[rank2] = mint(g).pow((mint::mod() - 1) >> rank2);
iroot[rank2] = root[rank2].inv();
for (int i = rank2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1];
iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1];
}
{
mint prod = 1, iprod = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) {
rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod;
irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod;
prod *= iroot[i + 2];
iprod *= root[i + 2];
}
}
{
mint prod = 1, iprod = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) {
rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod;
irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod;
prod *= iroot[i + 3];
iprod *= root[i + 3];
}
}
}
};
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
void butterfly(std::vector<mint>& a) {
int n = int(a.size());
int h = internal::countr_zero((unsigned int)n);
static const fft_info<mint> info;
int len = 0; // a[i, i+(n>>len), i+2*(n>>len), ..] is transformed
while (len < h) {
if (h - len == 1) {
int p = 1 << (h - len - 1);
mint rot = 1;
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) {
int offset = s << (h - len);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
auto l = a[i + offset];
auto r = a[i + offset + p] * rot;
a[i + offset] = l + r;
a[i + offset + p] = l - r;
}
if (s + 1 != (1 << len))
rot *= info.rate2[countr_zero(~(unsigned int)(s))];
}
len++;
} else {
// 4-base
int p = 1 << (h - len - 2);
mint rot = 1, imag = info.root[2];
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) {
mint rot2 = rot * rot;
mint rot3 = rot2 * rot;
int offset = s << (h - len);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
auto mod2 = 1ULL * mint::mod() * mint::mod();
auto a0 = 1ULL * a[i + offset].val();
auto a1 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + p].val() * rot.val();
auto a2 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 2 * p].val() * rot2.val();
auto a3 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 3 * p].val() * rot3.val();
auto a1na3imag =
1ULL * mint(a1 + mod2 - a3).val() * imag.val();
auto na2 = mod2 - a2;
a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3;
a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3));
a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag;
a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag);
}
if (s + 1 != (1 << len))
rot *= info.rate3[countr_zero(~(unsigned int)(s))];
}
len += 2;
}
}
}
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
void butterfly_inv(std::vector<mint>& a) {
int n = int(a.size());
int h = internal::countr_zero((unsigned int)n);
static const fft_info<mint> info;
int len = h; // a[i, i+(n>>len), i+2*(n>>len), ..] is transformed
while (len) {
if (len == 1) {
int p = 1 << (h - len);
mint irot = 1;
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << (len - 1)); s++) {
int offset = s << (h - len + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
auto l = a[i + offset];
auto r = a[i + offset + p];
a[i + offset] = l + r;
a[i + offset + p] =
(unsigned long long)(mint::mod() + l.val() - r.val()) *
irot.val();
;
}
if (s + 1 != (1 << (len - 1)))
irot *= info.irate2[countr_zero(~(unsigned int)(s))];
}
len--;
} else {
// 4-base
int p = 1 << (h - len);
mint irot = 1, iimag = info.iroot[2];
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << (len - 2)); s++) {
mint irot2 = irot * irot;
mint irot3 = irot2 * irot;
int offset = s << (h - len + 2);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
auto a0 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 0 * p].val();
auto a1 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 1 * p].val();
auto a2 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 2 * p].val();
auto a3 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 3 * p].val();
auto a2na3iimag =
1ULL *
mint((mint::mod() + a2 - a3) * iimag.val()).val();
a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3;
a[i + offset + 1 * p] =
(a0 + (mint::mod() - a1) + a2na3iimag) * irot.val();
a[i + offset + 2 * p] =
(a0 + a1 + (mint::mod() - a2) + (mint::mod() - a3)) *
irot2.val();
a[i + offset + 3 * p] =
(a0 + (mint::mod() - a1) + (mint::mod() - a2na3iimag)) *
irot3.val();
}
if (s + 1 != (1 << (len - 2)))
irot *= info.irate3[countr_zero(~(unsigned int)(s))];
}
len -= 2;
}
}
}
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
std::vector<mint> convolution_naive(const std::vector<mint>& a,
const std::vector<mint>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
std::vector<mint> ans(n + m - 1);
if (n < m) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
}
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
}
}
}
return ans;
}
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
std::vector<mint> convolution_fft(std::vector<mint> a, std::vector<mint> b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
int z = (int)internal::bit_ceil((unsigned int)(n + m - 1));
a.resize(z);
internal::butterfly(a);
b.resize(z);
internal::butterfly(b);
for (int i = 0; i < z; i++) {
a[i] *= b[i];
}
internal::butterfly_inv(a);
a.resize(n + m - 1);
mint iz = mint(z).inv();
for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) a[i] *= iz;
return a;
}
} // namespace internal
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
std::vector<mint> convolution(std::vector<mint>&& a, std::vector<mint>&& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (!n || !m) return {};
int z = (int)internal::bit_ceil((unsigned int)(n + m - 1));
assert((mint::mod() - 1) % z == 0);
if (std::min(n, m) <= 60) return convolution_naive(a, b);
return internal::convolution_fft(a, b);
}
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
std::vector<mint> convolution(const std::vector<mint>& a,
const std::vector<mint>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (!n || !m) return {};
int z = (int)internal::bit_ceil((unsigned int)(n + m - 1));
assert((mint::mod() - 1) % z == 0);
if (std::min(n, m) <= 60) return convolution_naive(a, b);
return internal::convolution_fft(a, b);
}
template <unsigned int mod = 998244353,
class T,
std::enable_if_t<internal::is_integral<T>::value>* = nullptr>
std::vector<T> convolution(const std::vector<T>& a, const std::vector<T>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (!n || !m) return {};
using mint = static_modint<mod>;
int z = (int)internal::bit_ceil((unsigned int)(n + m - 1));
assert((mint::mod() - 1) % z == 0);
std::vector<mint> a2(n), b2(m);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
a2[i] = mint(a[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
b2[i] = mint(b[i]);
}
auto c2 = convolution(std::move(a2), std::move(b2));
std::vector<T> c(n + m - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) {
c[i] = c2[i].val();
}
return c;
}
std::vector<long long> convolution_ll(const std::vector<long long>& a,
const std::vector<long long>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (!n || !m) return {};
static constexpr unsigned long long MOD1 = 754974721; // 2^24
static constexpr unsigned long long MOD2 = 167772161; // 2^25
static constexpr unsigned long long MOD3 = 469762049; // 2^26
static constexpr unsigned long long M2M3 = MOD2 * MOD3;
static constexpr unsigned long long M1M3 = MOD1 * MOD3;
static constexpr unsigned long long M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2;
static constexpr unsigned long long M1M2M3 = MOD1 * MOD2 * MOD3;
static constexpr unsigned long long i1 =
internal::inv_gcd(MOD2 * MOD3, MOD1).second;
static constexpr unsigned long long i2 =
internal::inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD3, MOD2).second;
static constexpr unsigned long long i3 =
internal::inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD2, MOD3).second;
static constexpr int MAX_AB_BIT = 24;
static_assert(MOD1 % (1ull << MAX_AB_BIT) == 1, "MOD1 isn't enough to support an array length of 2^24.");
static_assert(MOD2 % (1ull << MAX_AB_BIT) == 1, "MOD2 isn't enough to support an array length of 2^24.");
static_assert(MOD3 % (1ull << MAX_AB_BIT) == 1, "MOD3 isn't enough to support an array length of 2^24.");
assert(n + m - 1 <= (1 << MAX_AB_BIT));
auto c1 = convolution<MOD1>(a, b);
auto c2 = convolution<MOD2>(a, b);
auto c3 = convolution<MOD3>(a, b);
std::vector<long long> c(n + m - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) {
unsigned long long x = 0;
x += (c1[i] * i1) % MOD1 * M2M3;
x += (c2[i] * i2) % MOD2 * M1M3;
x += (c3[i] * i3) % MOD3 * M1M2;
// B = 2^63, -B <= x, r(real value) < B
// (x, x - M, x - 2M, or x - 3M) = r (mod 2B)
// r = c1[i] (mod MOD1)
// focus on MOD1
// r = x, x - M', x - 2M', x - 3M' (M' = M % 2^64) (mod 2B)
// r = x,
// x - M' + (0 or 2B),
// x - 2M' + (0, 2B or 4B),
// x - 3M' + (0, 2B, 4B or 6B) (without mod!)
// (r - x) = 0, (0)
// - M' + (0 or 2B), (1)
// -2M' + (0 or 2B or 4B), (2)
// -3M' + (0 or 2B or 4B or 6B) (3) (mod MOD1)
// we checked that
// ((1) mod MOD1) mod 5 = 2
// ((2) mod MOD1) mod 5 = 3
// ((3) mod MOD1) mod 5 = 4
long long diff =
c1[i] - internal::safe_mod((long long)(x), (long long)(MOD1));
if (diff < 0) diff += MOD1;
static constexpr unsigned long long offset[5] = {
0, 0, M1M2M3, 2 * M1M2M3, 3 * M1M2M3};
x -= offset[diff % 5];
c[i] = x;
}
return c;
}
} // namespace atcoder
#line 5 "verify/LibraryChecker/math/enumerative-combinatorics/StirlingNumberoftheSecondKind.test.cpp"
using namespace atcoder;
using mint = modint998244353;
#line 1 "math/fps/FormalPowerSeries.hpp"
template <class S>
struct FPS;
template <class S>
struct SFPS : vector<pair<int, S>> {
using vector<pair<int, S>>::vector;
using vector<pair<int, S>>::operator=;
FPS<S> log(int deg);
FPS<S> exp(int deg);
FPS<S> pow(long long m, int deg);
};
template <class S>
struct FPS : vector<S> {
using vector<S>::vector;
using vector<S>::operator=;
FPS<S> inv() const {
int n = int((*this).size());
FPS<S> res = {(*this)[0].inv()};
while (int(res.size()) < n) {
int m = int(res.size());
// f = f[0, 2m)
FPS<S> f((*this).begin(), (*this).begin() + min(n, m << 1));
FPS<S> inv_f(res);
f.resize(m << 1);
internal::butterfly(f);
inv_f.resize(m << 1);
internal::butterfly(inv_f);
// f = f*g
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; i++) f[i] *= inv_f[i];
internal::butterfly_inv(f);
// f = f[m, 2m)
f.erase(f.begin(), f.begin() + m);
f.resize(m << 1);
// f = f*g
internal::butterfly(f);
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; i++) f[i] *= inv_f[i];
internal::butterfly_inv(f);
S m2i = S(m << 1).inv();
m2i *= -m2i;
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; i++) f[i] *= m2i;
res.insert(res.end(), f.begin(), f.begin() + m);
}
return {res.begin(), res.begin() + n};
}
FPS<S> exp() const {
int n = int((*this).size());
FPS<S> res = {1};
assert((*this)[0] == 0);
for (int siz = 1; siz < n; siz <<= 1) {
FPS<S> f(siz << 1);
f[0] = 1;
res.resize(siz << 1);
FPS<S> lg = res.log();
for (int i = 0; i < siz << 1; i++) f[i] -= lg[i];
for (int i = 0; i < min(siz << 1, n); i++) f[i] += (*this)[i];
res *= f;
}
return {res.begin(), res.begin() + n};
}
FPS<S> log() const {
FPS<S> res = *this;
res.log_inplace();
return res;
}
FPS<S> pow(__int128_t m) const {
__int128_t n = int((*this).size());
if (m == 0) {
FPS<S> res(n);
if (n) res[0] = 1;
return res;
}
// 定数項を1にする
for (__int128_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if ((*this)[i] != 0) {
S coef = (*this)[i];
FPS<S> f((*this).begin() + i, (*this).end());
if (coef != 1) {
for (int j = 0; j < n - i; j++) f[j] /= coef;
}
f.log_inplace();
for (int j = 0; j < n - i; j++) f[j] *= m;
f.exp_inplace();
coef = coef.pow(m);
for (int j = 0; j < n - i; j++) f[j] *= coef;
FPS<S> res(min(__int128_t(m) * i, n), 0);
if (res.size() < n) res.insert(res.end(), f.begin(), f.begin() + min(__int128_t(n), n - res.size()));
return res;
}
if (__int128_t(i + 1) * m >= n) return FPS<S>(n, 0);
}
return FPS<S>(n, 0);
}
FPS<S> differentiate() const {
int n = int((*this).size());
FPS<S> res(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) res[i] = (*this)[i + 1] * S(i + 1);
res[n - 1] = 0;
return res;
}
FPS<S> integrate() const {
int n = int((*this).size());
vector<S> iv(n);
iv[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) iv[i] = iv[S::mod() % i] * (-(S::mod() / i));
FPS<S> res(n);
res[0] = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) res[i + 1] = (*this)[i] * iv[i + 1];
return res;
}
void integrate_inplace() {
int n = int((*this).size());
static vector<S> inv{0, 1};
if (int(inv.size()) < n) {
int old_siz = inv.size();
inv.resize(n);
int mod = S::mod();
for (int i = old_siz; i < n; i++) inv[i] = -inv[mod % i] * (mod / i);
}
for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) (*this)[i] = (*this)[i - 1] * inv[i];
(*this)[0] = 0;
}
void differentiate_inplace() {
int n = int((*this).size());
if (n == 0) return;
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
(*this)[i] = (*this)[i + 1] * S(i + 1);
}
(*this)[n - 1] = 0;
}
void inv_inplace() {
*this = this->inv();
}
void exp_inplace() {
*this = this->exp();
}
void log_inplace() {
assert(!this->empty() and (*this)[0] == 1);
FPS<S> inv_f = this->inv();
this->differentiate_inplace();
*this *= inv_f;
this->integrate_inplace();
}
void pow_inplace(__int128_t m) {
*this = this->pow(m);
}
FPS<S>& operator*=(const FPS<S>& g) {
int n = int((*this).size());
*this = convolution(*this, g);
(*this).resize(n);
return *this;
}
FPS<S>& operator/=(FPS<S>& g) {
int n = int((*this).size());
*this = convolution(*this, g.inv());
(*this).resize(n);
return *this;
}
FPS<S>& operator<<=(int k) {
int n = int((*this).size());
if (k >= n) {
(*this).assign(n, 0);
return *this;
}
for (int i = n - 1; i >= k; i--) (*this)[i] = (*this)[i - k];
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) (*this)[i] = 0;
return *this;
}
FPS<S>& operator>>=(int k) {
int n = int((*this).size());
if (k >= n) {
(*this).assign(n, 0);
return *this;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n - k; i++) (*this)[i] = (*this)[i + k];
for (int i = n - k; i < n; i++) (*this)[i] = 0;
return *this;
}
FPS<S>& operator*=(const SFPS<S>& g) {
int n = (*this).size();
int k = int(g.size());
auto [d, c] = g.front();
int start = 0;
if (d == 0) {
start = 1;
} else {
c = 0;
}
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
(*this)[i] *= c;
for (int j = start; j < k; j++) {
const auto& [d_, c_] = g[j];
if (d_ > i) break;
(*this)[i] += (*this)[i - d_] * c_;
}
}
return *this;
}
FPS<S>& operator/=(const SFPS<S>& g) {
int n = (*this).size();
int k = int(g.size());
auto [d, c] = g.front();
assert(d == 0 and c != 0);
S inv = c.inv();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j < k; j++) {
const auto& [d, c] = g[j];
if (d > i) break;
(*this)[i] -= (*this)[i - d] * c;
}
(*this)[i] *= inv;
}
return *this;
}
FPS<S> operator<<(int k) const { return FPS<S>(*this) <<= k; }
FPS<S> operator>>(int k) const { return FPS<S>(*this) >>= k; }
};
template <class S>
FPS<S> SFPS<S>::log(int deg) {
FPS<S> f(deg);
assert((*this)[0].first == 0 and (*this)[0].second == 1 and (*this).back().first < deg);
int k = (*this).size();
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
const auto& [d, c] = (*this)[i];
f[d] = c;
}
f.differentiate_inplace();
f /= (*this);
f.integrate_inplace();
return f;
}
template <class S>
FPS<S> SFPS<S>::exp(int deg) {
SFPS df = (*this);
int k = (*this).size();
vector<S> inv(deg);
inv[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < deg; i++) inv[i] = inv[S::mod() % i] * (-(S::mod() / i));
// df = f'
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
const auto& [d, c] = df[i];
df[i] = {d - 1, d * c};
}
// F = exp(f)
// F' = f'F
FPS<S> F(deg);
F[0] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < deg - 1; i++) {
S conv_sum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
const auto& [d, c] = df[j];
if (d > i) break;
conv_sum += c * F[i - d];
}
F[i + 1] = conv_sum * inv[i + 1];
}
return F;
}
template <class S>
FPS<S> SFPS<S>::pow(long long m, int deg) {
if (m == 0) {
FPS<S> res(deg);
if (deg) res[0] = 1;
return res;
}
vector<S> inv(deg);
inv[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < deg; i++) inv[i] = inv[S::mod() % i] * (-(S::mod() / i));
int k = (*this).size();
// F = f ^ m
FPS<S> F(deg);
// F' = m(f^(n-1))f'
// fF' = mFf'
// 定数項を1にする
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
const auto& [d, c] = (*this)[i];
if (c != 0) {
SFPS f((*this).begin() + i, (*this).end());
for (int j = 0; j < f.size(); j++) {
f[j].first -= d;
f[j].second /= c;
}
FPS<S> F(deg);
F[0] = 1;
for (int j = 0; j < deg - 1; j++) {
S dF_j = 0;
for (int l = 0; l < f.size(); l++) {
const auto& [d_, c_] = f[l];
if (d_ == 0) continue;
if (d_ - 1 > j) break;
dF_j += c_ * F[j - d_ + 1] * (S(m) * d_ - (j - d_ + 1));
}
F[j + 1] = dF_j * inv[j + 1];
}
S coef_pw = S(c).pow(m);
for (int j = 0; j < deg; j++) F[j] *= coef_pw;
FPS<S> res(min(__int128_t(m) * d, __int128_t(deg)), 0);
if (res.size() < deg) res.insert(res.end(), F.begin(), F.begin() + min(deg, deg - int(res.size())));
return res;
}
if (__int128_t(d + 1) * m >= deg) return FPS<S>(deg, 0);
}
return FPS<S>(deg, 0);
}
#line 2 "math/enumerative-combinatorics/StirlingNumberoftheSecondKind.hpp"
template <class S>
FPS<S> Stirling_number_2nd(int n) {
FPS<S> f(n + 1), g(n + 1);
S inv = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) inv *= i;
inv = inv.inv();
for (int i = n; i >= 0; i--) {
f[i] = S(i).pow(n) * inv;
g[i] = (i % 2) ? -inv : inv;
inv *= i;
}
f *= g;
return f;
}
#line 9 "verify/LibraryChecker/math/enumerative-combinatorics/StirlingNumberoftheSecondKind.test.cpp"
int main() {
cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0);
int n;
in(n);
FPS<mint> res = Stirling_number_2nd<mint>(n);
rep(i, n + 1) {
cout << res[i].val();
if (i != n) cout << " ";
}
out();
}